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Every day, when the sun has risen, the people of Malekine Village in Bolangir District of Bihar State in India are up before it. They squeeze water through bamboo tubes into pails, then carry them on their heads to their fields. They pour the water onto the fields so that they can plant seeds. A large percentage of Indian farmers grow food for their families and sell what they don't need to buy food with any extra money earned. For many poor families in developing countries, cultivating crops is an important source of income and food security. But it's a job that can be extremely hard on a family. In a land where water supply is limited, families often have to draw it from far away and carry it back. They spend long hours in fields under the hot sun, which can lead to dehydration and miscarriages among women. And they spend time each evening spinning their own thread or weaving baskets, which could be spent with their families instead. The good news for these farmers is that they don't have to do things this way anymore. Farmers now have a tool called a drip irrigation system, which uses the water they have more efficiently. Drip irrigation delivers water through a network of pipes directly to plant roots, so less water is used and it gets to where it's needed faster. The system can drastically reduce labor costs and increase yields, allowing families to feed themselves more easily and spend more time together at home. It's a simple design that relies on gravity instead of manual labor to move water through the crops. The system starts with a pipe from the well or tank. It then goes into an underground pipe network, which is connected to another pipe from the main one every meter or so. Finally, the water flows from the pipes into a pipe that is buried a little way into a plant's root zone. The pipe is surrounded by a layer of soil and water pressure allows water to leak out along the soil to the roots. Malik Muhammad is an engineer at John Deere, where he works on agricultural equipment designed to increase productivity in Indian agriculture. In India, most farmers use ground bore wells or deep tube wells for irrigation. A typical well has two parts: a steel casing with a cylindrical hole in it that resembles an upside-down soup can; sometimes called “buckets”; and an iron pump that sits inside the hole. The bucket is lowered into the hole and water is pumped up by attaching a pump to the bottom of the well. The buckets are lowered and raised repeatedly to pump water to different levels, which can make using them very time-consuming and difficult. It's also common for people to take turns in doing this work, especially if there are animals or children involved. This can be time-consuming, especially in places far from town where families don't own bicycles or other transport. They might need to walk for five hours to get food or water during these trips, which could add up over the course of the season. cfa1e77820
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